Abstract:
95 sorghum accessions (1,425 individuals) sampled represented most of crop- cultivated areas in Sudan. The genetic
diversity and population structure was assessed using a panel of 39 SSRs marker, which covered the sorghum
genome. Genotypic data was generated using the ABI 3730 genetic analyzer. The alleles were called and sized using
GeneMapper software version 3.7. The molecular data analysis software’s PowerMarker v3.25, DARwin 5, and
GenAIEx 6.5x were used to calculate the different diversity indices within and between populations. A total of 332
alleles were detected, with an average of 8.5 per marker pair. The gene diversity averaged at 0.6671. The
Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values averaged of 0.68 showing the highly polymorphic and discriminatory
nature of the selected markers. The accessions showed lower mean of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.187) than the
expected heterozygosity (He = 0.547). AMOVA calculated low variants among populations (1%), and moderate
variants within individuals (20%). However, variants among individuals were relatively high within population (79%).
The fixation indexes showed little genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.008, P = 0.012). However, in the
total population high level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.802, P = 0.001) was exhibited with deviation from Hardy-Weinberg
proportions (FIT = 0.804, P = 0.001). Neighbor joining rooted phylogeny tree based on genetic similarity coefficient
revealed three distinct groups independent of their geographic origins clustering close to each other; groups also
have sub-groups. The study estimated genetic diversity and structure of Sudanese sorghum accessions.